Autism is the second leading childhood developmental disorder. Individuals with autism have impairments in the areas of communication, behavior, and socialization. In addition, many individuals also experience sensory processing and regulation issues. Autism is a spectrum disorder because the severity of impairment in each of these areas differs in each individual. Autism affects all walks of life without regard to race, religion, or socio-economic status.
Some characteristics of autism include a lack of formal means of communication; echolalia; stereotypical behaviors such as hand flapping, rocking, and head banging; lack of eye contact; lack of joint attention; an inability to engage in meaningful social interactions; as well as many others. While they share some common characteristics, every individual with autism is unique.
Official diagnosis is made by professionals (physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, etc) according to set criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV). Some symptoms include:
While there is no known "cure" for autism there is help. It is believed that early, intensive intervention can significantly improve the outcomes of individuals with autism. Most of the interventions fall under the category of special education as opposed to medical services such as prescriptions. Some common therapies include:
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